ʻO ka wai ʻino kemika lanahu
Hoʻohana ka ʻoihana kemika i loaʻa i ka lanahu ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, a ʻo ka wai ʻino kūpono e pili ana i ʻekolu mau ʻano: ka wai ʻōpala coking, ka wai hoʻoheheʻe lanahu a me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe lanahu. He paʻakikī nā ʻāpana wai ʻino, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka COD, ammonia nitrogen, phenolic substances, a i ka manawa like he fluoride, thiocyanide a me nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoihana kemika lanahu ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea haumia wai. ʻO ka ulu nui a me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana kemika lanahu ua lawe mai i nā pilikia kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, a ʻo ka nele o ka ʻenehana lapaʻau wai ʻino kūpono i lilo i mea nui e kaupalena ana i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana.
